CALCULATION CONCEPTS 

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• Kinetic Energy (W1): The energy possessed by a moving mass due to its velocity.

  • Formula: W1 = 1/2 * m * v^2

  • Significance: This is the primary energy that the shock absorber must dissipate to bring the moving mass to a complete stop.​

• Propelling Energy (W2): Propelling energy is the energy used to drive or push an object forward.

  • Formula: W2 = F⋅s

  • Energy added by the external force FFF acting over stroke s.

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• Total Energy Per Stroke (W3): In the presents of external propelling forces, the total energy to be absorbed by the shock absorber is equal to the kinetic energy of the moving mass.

  • Formula: W3 = W1 + W2

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• Load Factor: The ratio of the total energy per stroke (W3) to the shock absorber's maximum allowable energy capacity.

  • Formula: Load Factor = (W3 / W3per) * 100

  • Recommendation: For optimal performance and durability, the load factor should ideally be below 80%.

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• Impact Speed (vD): The velocity of the mass at the moment of impact with the shock absorber. In this case, it is equal to the initial velocity of the moving mass (v).

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• Effective Mass (me): The equivalent mass experienced by the shock absorber during deceleration. It ensures smooth deceleration over the entire stroke length.

  • Formula: me = W3 / (1/2 * v^2)

  • Note: The effective mass must fall within the shock absorber's specified permissible range.

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• Deceleration Time (t): The time required to bring the moving mass to a complete stop.

  • Approximate Formula: t ≈ 2.6 * s / vD

  • Note: Shorter deceleration times generally result in higher forces on the shock absorber.

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• Supporting Force (Q): The force exerted by the shock absorber to decelerate the mass.

  • Formula: Q = 1.5 * W3 / s

  • Note: The structure to which the shock absorber is mounted must be adequately designed to withstand this force.

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• Cycles Per Hour (x): The number of impacts the shock absorber experiences within one hour.

  • Formula: x = 3600 / (t_reset + t)

  • Note: The actual number of cycles per hour must not exceed the shock absorber's maximum permissible cycles per hour (xper).

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SIZING PROCEDURE

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1. Gather Input Data:

   • Mass of the object (m) in kilograms.

   • Velocity at impact (v) in meters per second.

   • Desired stroke length (s) in meters.

   • Number of cycles per hour (x) in impacts/hour.

2. Calculate Total Energy Per Stroke (W3): Use the formula W3 = 1/2 * m * v^2.

3. Determine Effective Mass (me): Calculate me using the formula me = W3 / (1/2 * v^2) and ensure it falls within the acceptable range for the shock absorber.

4. Estimate Deceleration Time (t): Calculate t using the approximate formula t ≈ 2.6 * s / vD.

5. Verify Supporting Force (Q): Calculate Q using the formula Q = 1.5 * W3 / s and ensure the mounting structure can withstand this force.

6. Check Load Factor and Cycles Per Hour:

   • Calculate the Load Factor and ensure it is below 80% for optimal performance.

   • Verify that the actual cycles per hour (x) do not exceed the maximum permissible cycles per hour (xper) for the shock absorber.

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Example Calculation​

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• Given:

  • Mass (m) = 36 kg

  • Force (F) = 400N

  • Velocity (v) = 1.5 m/s

  • Stroke Length (s) = 0.025 m

  • Cycles/hours (n) = 1000

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• Step 1: Calculate W1:

  • W3 = 1/2 * 36 kg * (1.5 m/s)^2 = 41 Nm

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• Step 2: Calculate W2:

  • W2= 400 x 0.025 = 10 Nm

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• Step 3: Calculate W3:

  • W1+W2=41+10=51Nm

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• Step 4: Calculate W4:

  • E4=W3 x n =51⋅1000=51,000Nm/hour

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• Step 5: Calculate me:

  • me = 2 x 51/1.5² = 48 kg

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• Step 6: Calculate: t = 1.52 x 6 x 0.025 = 0.043 seconds

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• Step 7: Calculate: Q=1.5 x 51/0.025​ = 3,060N

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Note: This is a simplified guide. For precise sizing, consider factors like operating temperature, environmental conditions, and specific shock absorber characteristics.

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